The Bible: A Human Text Written and translated by: José Alonso Hernández 2013 The word Bible, is a term that comes from the Greek: "ta biblía", that means 'the books', but actually is knowing like a group of canonical books, for the Judaism (Tanaj/OldEl Nuevo Testamento muestra cierta preferencia por los Setenta: de los 350 textos sacados del Antiguo Testamento, 300 prefieren el lenguaje de la versin griega al de la hebrea. 5 Y llam&243 Dios &225 la luz D&237 a, y &225 las tinieblas llam&243. 4 Y vi&243 Dios que la luz era buena: y apart&243 Dios la luz de las tinieblas. 3 Y dijo Dios: Sea la luz: y fu&233 la luz. 2 Y la tierra estaba desordenada y vac&237 a, y las tinieblas estaban sobre la haz del abismo, y el Esp&237 ritu de Dios se mov&237 a sobre la haz de las aguas. EN el principio cri&243 Dios los cielos y la tierra.
Until the year 100 A.D.The problem about the Bible, for secular critical, it isn't its antiquity, but yes the premeditation of the Book, meanwhile some people see it like a simple book written by human beings, for the Christianity it constitutes the unequivocal and inspired word of God, for that, the debate is centered in determining if the Bible is a Divine Text or a Human Text. Scriptures, are texts written in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek during a period of 1,000 years, since the 900 B.C. La Ley del Antiguo Testamento se parece a una. El Antiguo Testamento era una forma de religi&243 n provisoria para educar la conciencia del pueblo de Dios hasta que llegara Cristo (Gal 3,23-26). Adems, posee mltiples gneros literarios, entre ellos relatos normas, preceptos y leyes profecas, con visiones y orculos, y proverbios o sentencias.4.-. C., principalmente en hebreo, aunque algunas pequeas partes fueron escritas en arameo y algunos libros de sabidura en griego.
In favor of this point is the declaration of Flavious Josephus, in his book: "Against to Apion", there describes that the texts of Palestinian's Hebrews was formed a closed and this sacred collection dates from the days of Persian King's Artajerjes Longiamanus (465-425 B.C.). The specialists locate the beginning of the Palestinian Canon in the time of Ezra and Nehemiah, by the middle of the century V b.C. However to beginnings of the century I, a dispute arises on the canon, for the Sadducees who sustained that only the Torah ('the Law') or Pentateuch ('five books'), it was inspired, nevertheless after the destruction of the temple of Jerusalem in the year 70 AD., the predominant Jewish group was the Pharisees, considering the three parts as definitive.The two more old complete canons, of which one has knowledge is the Palestinian and the Alexandrine. The last part, call the Writings, better 1Acquaintances for Hagiographa (sacred writings): "Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, or Ezra II". The word Canon, refers to a rule or measure, for so many people is considered books "divinely inspired" which consists of 39 books, although the Catholic Church includes more books, considered Deuterocanonical books: Tobit, Judith, Additions to Esther , Wisdom, Sirach or Ecclesiasticus, Baruch, including the Letter of Jeremiah Additions to Daniel, Susanna, Bel and the Dragon, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees.The Old Hebrew Testament is conformed by three parts: The Torah, or law, consistent in the first five books: Genesis, Exodus, Levíticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy continued by the Prophets, which are divided in Former Prophets: "Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings I and II, Kings III and IV", and Latter Prophets:"Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and the twelve minors prophets, to those that Hebrews count as a single book".
The number of twenty-four books corroborates the figure of 22 books that gives us Josephus, evidently and that it is gotten joining Rut with Judges and the Lamentations with Jeremías. Of these, twenty-four should be read by the worthy ones and the unworthy ones, and the other seventy it was necessary to give them to the well educated men (4 Ezra 14,44). It is commented that it was dictating four scribes, during forty days, ninety four books. The author of this book, gives us a description of a legendary way to how, Ezra, scribe and priest, can to recast the sacred books destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar. The fourth book of Ezra, written toward the end of the century I AD, affirms that the number of the sacred books is of twenty-four.
That he affirms that the text of the Apostle Paul was already known: 4"And account that the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation even as our beloved brother Paul also according to the wisdom given unto him hath written unto you as also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things in which are some things hard to be understood, which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other scriptures, unto their own destruction.". Another testimony of this is in the Second Letter of the Apostle Peter, around the year 65 AD. Paul generally wrote for specific problems in certain towns however, at the same time it fomented the distribution of his letters, like it's evident for example in colossians: " And when this epistle is read among you, cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans and that ye likewise read the epistle from Laodicea". The chapter 14 of the Second Epistle of Clement, more or less from the same date, speaks of the teaching of the "Books of the apostles".Besides the Gospels other Christian texts circulated in the primitive church but the Epistles of the Apostle Paul occupied the first place. Luke 1:1-4.Another fact of interest is about the word "gospel" which appears only in the New Testament in singular, but it was Justin Martyr, 150 AD., who used this term in plural "Gospels", to designate the text and stories of Jesus' life. This requested to the King Ptolemy that will order a version in Greek of the Hebrew texts, the high priest Eleazar consented to choose 6 priests for each tribe of Israel to conform the 70 men that would travel to Alexandria to make the translation, to this, actually, it's known like the version of the seventy or Septuagint.New testament The New Testament Canon was officially in the year 397 AD, during the Synod of Carthage, when Saint Jerome announces the beginning of his translation from the Bible to Latin, called the Vulgate, in this edition the 27 books are included and was finished in the 405 AD, but the story of this began time ago, until the same apostolic time by the middle of the century I.For example, we have the foreword of Lucas's Gospel, which dates of around the year 80 AD., he affirms that already for that date writings of Jesus' teachings existed: "Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us, even as they delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word it seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus, that thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed.
Begin to appear evidence about the texts that officially would conform the New Christian Testament, for example, the canon of Muratori, named this way by his discoverer, L. The work of Marcion forced to the church to be defined regarding the books that could be considered as part of the Scriptures.To beginnings of the century III AD. His collection of Paul's epistles, called Apostólikon, it consisted of ten letters of Paul: Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, 1 and 2 Tessalonians, " Laodiceans" (Ephesians), Colossians, Philippians and Philemon. His Bible consisted in: "Lucas's Gospel, the texts of the Apostle Paul and a book called Antithesis, in which presented his arguments to reject the Old Testament".
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